Respective Contributions of Instrumented 3D Gait Analysis Data and Tibial Motor Nerve Block on Presurgical Spastic Equinus Foot Assessment: A Retrospective Study of 40 Adults

Camille Cormier; Clément Sourisseau; Emmeline Montane; Marino Scandella; Evelyne Castel-Lacanal; Xavier De Boissezon; Philippe Marque; David Gasq

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.862644

Respective Contributions of Instrumented 3D Gait Analysis Data and Tibial Motor Nerve Block on Presurgical Spastic Equinus Foot Assessment: A Retrospective Study of 40 Adults

Front Neurol. 2022 May 27:13:862644. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.862644. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Camille Cormier^{1

2}, Clément Sourisseau^{1

3}, Emmeline Montane³, Marino Scandella⁴, Evelyne Castel-Lacanal^{2

3}, Xavier De Boissezon^{2

3}, Philippe Marque^{2

3}, David Gasq^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiological Explorations, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
² ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, Inserm, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
³ Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
⁴ Gait Analysis Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

Abstract

Spastic equinus foot is a common deformity in neurologic patients who compromise walking ability. It is related to the imbalance between weak dorsiflexion and overactive plantar flexor muscles. To achieve the best functional results after surgical management, the challenge is to identify the relevant components involved in the deformity using several methods, namely, examination in the supine position, motor nerve blocks allowing transient anesthesia of suspected overactive muscles, and kinematic and electromyographic data collected during an instrumented 3D gait analysis. The procedure is not standardized; its use varies from one team to another. Access to gait analysis laboratories is limited, and some teams do not perform motor nerve blocks. When both examinations are available, instrumental data from the instrumented 3D gait analysis can be used to specify muscle targets for motor blocks, but data collected from both examinations are sometimes considered redundant. This retrospective cohort analysis compared examination in the supine position, temporary motor nerve blocks, and instrumented 3D gait analysis data in 40 adults after brain or spinal cord injuries. Clinical data collected before motor nerve block was not associated with instrumental data to assess calf muscle's overactivity and tibialis anterior function. Improvement of ankle dorsiflexion in the swing phase after tibial motor nerve block was associated with soleus spastic co-contraction during this phase corroborating its involvement in ankle dorsiflexion defects. This study showed the relevance of tibial motor nerve block to remove spastic calf dystonia and facilitate the assessment of calf contracture. It also underlined the need for complementary and specific analyses of the tibialis anterior abnormal activation pattern after motor nerve block to confirm or deny their pathological nature.

Keywords: brain injuries; electromyography; foot deformities; gait analysis; muscle spasticity; nerve block; spinal cord injury (SCI).