Psychiatric care and education understood from a student perspective: Enhancing competences empowering personal and social recovery

Abstract

Background: During the last decades, a recovery-based approach has called for a change in mental health care services. Several programmes have been presented, and the need to develop student and professional competences in education and clinical practice has been documented.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how psychiatric care is understood seen from a student perspective (nursing students, masters nurses and a master in applied philosophy) with focus on their personal competences and the educational interventions empowering processes for users' personal and social recovery.

Method: A qualitative design with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach based on the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews.

Findings: All interviewees expressed that both theoretically and clinically students did not experience a recovery-oriented approach empowering users' personal and social recovery process. On the contrary, they experienced that both education and practice were dominated by a biomedical approach providing clinical recovery. However, several students were aware of their need of developing personal and relational competences to be able to support the users' personal and social recovery journey. The students expressed that there is a need for educational processes targeting personal competences in 'becoming a professional' supporting 'presentness and awareness' and thereby the development of relational abilities and the courage to engage. The results relate to two nursing schools and two universities.

Conclusion: A biomedical approach dominates and makes it difficult to develop students' personal competences during education in practice and theory vital to the development of personal and social recovery-oriented practices. It is recommended that educators-in practice and in school-accentuate presentness, awareness and creativity as crucial relational capabilities and incorporate this in their teaching and supervision method, supporting the education and formation of the students' (and teachers' and supervisors') personal development processes.

Keywords: biomedical approach; competence; education; presence; psychiatric care; role model.