Background: In the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, p53 is an important regulator downstream of the MAPK signaling pathway and plays an important role in inhibiting abnormal proliferation signals generated by KRAS mutations. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between KRAS mutations and p53 expression and evaluate their prognosis values in colorectal cancer.
Methods: PCR technology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect KRAS mutation status and p53 expression level in 266 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Based on p53 expression level, these were divided into high expression and normal groups. Patients with KRAS mutations were divided into mutant and wild-type groups. The two were combined with each other to analyze the relationship between patients' clinical data and their impact on the prognosis.
Results: KRAS mutations were found in 38.6% of the patients and 40.8% had a high p53 expression. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate of patients, with or without KRAS gene mutations, and p53 expression level. In the group of patients with KRAS mutations, the survival time of patients with a high p53 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with a normal p53 expression (p = 0.020, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis showed that p53 high expression is an independent risk factor for the overall survival time of patients with KRAS mutations (HR = 2.330, 95% CI = 1.041-5.216, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations with a high p53 expression have a poor prognosis.
Keywords: KRAS; colorectal adenocarcinoma; p53; prognosis.
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