In Japan, medical care for patients with muscular dystrophy has improved through multidisciplinary care provided by specialized institutions, resulting in a marked increase in life expectancy. Today, most patients with muscular dystrophy live in their own homes and receive medical care in various non-specialized institutions. Some muscular dystrophy patients have associated central nervous system disorders, which include neurodevelopmental syndromes. In addition, many patients are physically and mentally unstable during adolescence, when the transition from pediatric neurology to adult neurology occurs. Early opportunities to consult specialized institutions for rehabilitation or specific periods when pediatric and adult neurologists take care of patients together should be considered to facilitate this transition more easily.