The Causes of Death and Their Influence in Life Expectancy of Children Aged 5-14 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 1990 to 2019

Juanjuan Liang; Yuanze Du; Xiang Qu; Changrong Ke; Guipeng Yi; Mi Liu; Juncheng Lyu; Yanfeng Ren; Jie Xing; Chunping Wang; Shiwei Liu

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.829201

The Causes of Death and Their Influence in Life Expectancy of Children Aged 5-14 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 1990 to 2019

Front Pediatr. 2022 May 20:10:829201. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.829201. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Juanjuan Liang¹, Yuanze Du¹, Xiang Qu¹, Changrong Ke¹, Guipeng Yi¹, Mi Liu², Juncheng Lyu¹, Yanfeng Ren¹, Jie Xing¹, Chunping Wang¹, Shiwei Liu³

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
² Hospital Infection Management Office, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China.
³ Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Introduction: Although child and adolescent health is the core of the global health agenda, the cause of death and its expected contribution to life expectancy (LE) among those aged 5-14 are under-researched across countries, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Death rates per 10 years age group including a 5-14-year-old group were calculated by the formula, which used the population and the number of deaths segmented by the cause of death and gender from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. LE and cause-eliminated LE in 10-year intervals were calculated by using life tables.

Results: In 2019, the global mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years was 0.522 (0.476-0.575) per 1,000, and its LF was 71.377 years. In different-income regions, considerable heterogeneity remains in the ranking of cause of death aged 5-14 years. The top three causes of death in low-income countries (LICs) are enteric infections [0.141 (0.098-0.201) per 1,000], other infectious diseases [0.103 (0.073-0.148) per 1,000], and neglected tropical diseases and malaria [0.102 (0.054-0.172) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.085, 0.062, and 0.061 years, respectively. The top three causes of death in upper-middle income countries (upper MICs) are unintentional injuries [0.066 (0.061-0.072) per 1,000], neoplasm [0.046 (0.041-0.050) per 1,000], and transport injuries [0.045 (0.041-0.049) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.045, 0.031, and 0.030 years, respectively.

Conclusion: The mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years among LMICs remains high. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the main causes of death among regions. According to the main causes of death at 5-14 years old in different regions and countries at different economic levels, governments should put their priority in tailoring their own strategies to decrease preventable mortality.

Keywords: cause of death; cause-eliminated life expectancy; children and adolescents; life expectancy; low- and middle-income countries.