Droplet aerosols transportation and deposition for three respiratory behaviors in a typical negative pressure isolation ward

Yongxin Wang; Zhijian Liu; Haiyang Liu; Minnan Wu; Junzhou He; Guoqing Cao

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109247

Droplet aerosols transportation and deposition for three respiratory behaviors in a typical negative pressure isolation ward

Build Environ. 2022 Jul 1:219:109247. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109247. Epub 2022 May 30.

Authors

Yongxin Wang¹, Zhijian Liu¹, Haiyang Liu¹, Minnan Wu¹, Junzhou He¹, Guoqing Cao²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, PR China.
² Institute of Building Environment and Energy, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, 100013, PR China.

Abstract

Negative pressure isolation wards could provide safety for health care workers (HCWs) and patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, respiratory behavior releases aerosols containing pathogens, resulting in a potential risk of infection for HCWs. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of droplet aerosols in a typical negative pressure isolation ward was investigated using a full-scale experiment. In this experiment, artificial saliva was used to simulate the breathing behavior, which can reflect the effect of evaporation on droplet aerosols. Moreover, numerical simulations were used to compare the transport of droplet aerosols released by the three respiratory behaviors (breathing, speaking, and coughing). The results showed that droplet aerosols generated by coughing and speaking can be removed and deposited more quickly. Because reduction in the suspension proportion per unit time was much higher than that in the case of breathing. Under the air supply inlets, there was significant aerosol deposition on the floor, while the breathing area possessed higher aerosol concentrations. The risk of aerosol resuspension and potential infection increased significantly when HCWs moved frequently to these areas. Finally, more than 20% of the droplet aerosols escaped from the ward when the number of suspended aerosols in the aerosol space was 1%.

Keywords: Airflow; Droplet aerosols; Full-scale experiment; Negative pressure isolation ward.