Introduction: Growth discordancy in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin gestations is a known complication associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. We aimed to study the differences in placental pathology, in relation to fetal sex, in DCDA twin gestations complicated with growth discordancy.
Methods: The medical files of all DCDA twin deliveries complicated by growth discordancy between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Growth discordance was defined as a gap between twin birthweights > 20%. A comparison was made between female vs. male growth discordant twins. Placental lesions were classified as lesions related to maternal or fetal malperfusion lesions (MVM, FVM), vascular and villous changes, and inflammatory lesions.
Results: Included 174 DCDA twins. Eighty-eight were in the discordant female group and eighty-six in the discordant male group. The groups did not differ in maternal demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and neonatal outcome. The discordant male group had a higher rate of placental MVM lesions as compared to the discordant female group (p = 0.003). The increased rate of placental MVM lesions in the discordant male group compared to the discordant female group did not change whether its co-twin was of similar or opposite sex.
Discussion: Higher rate of MVM lesions characterizes growth discordant male neonates in DCDA twin gestations. This finding could represent a different adaptation of male fetuses to a hostile intrauterine environment.
Keywords: Dichorionic twins; Fetal -sex; Growth discordance; Placental pathology.
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