Dry eye disease (DED) is a common eye condition worldwide and a primary reason for visits to the ophthalmologist. DED diagnosis is performed through a combination of tests, some of which are unfortunately invasive, non-reproducible and lack accuracy. The following review describes methods that diagnose and measure the extent of eye dryness, enabling clinicians to quantify its severity. Our aim with this paper is to review classical methods as well as those that incorporate automation. For only four ways of quantifying DED, we take a deeper look into what main elements can benefit from automation and the different ways studies have incorporated it. Like numerous medical fields, Artificial Intelligence (AI) appears to be the path towards quality DED diagnosis. This review categorises diagnostic methods into the following: classical, semi-automated and promising AI-based automated methods.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; automation; dry eye disease; ophthalmology; quantification.
© 2022 The Authors. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.