In April 2022, the United Kingdom notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of an unexpected increase of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children. Subsequent investigations have found more than 400 cases in more than 20 countries and regions around the world. Although the potential role of adenovirus type 41 in the pathogenesis of these cases is one hypothesis, but it is probably not the only pathogenic factor, and other infectious and non-infectious causes cannot be completely ruled out. For hepatitis caused by non-hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses, there is a lack of systematic monitoring and research, and many unknowns still exist. According to the current etiology speculation and epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus in China, cases of acute hepatitis with unknown origin may be found in China in the future. There is also a risk of imported cases. This article systematically sorts out the reports and studies on child acute hepatitis of unknown origin, hoping to attract the attention of pediatric clinicians in China, raise awareness and vigilance, and calmly prepare for possible abnormal situations.
2022年4月英国向世界卫生组织通报儿童不明原因急性肝炎病例异常增多。接下来的调查在全球20多个国家和地区发现病例，总数已超400例。已有数据分析显示其病因与腺病毒41型感染有关，但这很可能不是唯一致病因素，其他感染和非感染原因还不能完全排除。对非甲、乙、丙、丁、戊型肝炎，国内外缺乏系统的监测和研究，还存在很多未知。根据目前病因推测和国内腺病毒流行特征，我国将来可能会发现不明原因急性肝炎病例，同时存在病例输入风险。该文系统梳理了儿童不明原因急性肝炎相关报道及研究，希望引起我国儿科临床工作者的重视，提高认识和警惕，从容准备应对可能出现的异常情况。.
Keywords: Acute hepatitis; Child; Unknown origin.