A Novel Risk Predictive Scoring Model for Predicting Subsequent Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Colonization in Hematological Malignancy Patients

Qiuling Wu; Chenjing Qian; Hua Yin; Fang Liu; Yaohui Wu; Weiming Li; Linghui Xia; Ling Ma; Mei Hong

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.897479

A Novel Risk Predictive Scoring Model for Predicting Subsequent Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Colonization in Hematological Malignancy Patients

Front Oncol. 2022 May 11:12:897479. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.897479. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Qiuling Wu¹, Chenjing Qian¹, Hua Yin¹, Fang Liu¹, Yaohui Wu¹, Weiming Li¹, Linghui Xia¹, Ling Ma², Mei Hong^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
² Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
³ Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the high-risk factors associated with the increased vulnerability for subsequent clinical CR-GNB infection in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB)-colonized hematological malignancy (HM) patients and built a statistical model to predict subsequent infection.

Method: All adult HM patients with positive rectoanal swabs culture for CR-GNB between January 2018 and June 2020 were prospectively followed to assess for any subsequent CR-GNB infections and to investigate the risk factors and clinical features of subsequent infection.

Results: A total of 392 HM patients were enrolled. Of them, 46.7% developed a subsequent clinical CR-GNB infection, with 42 (10.7%) cases of confirmed infection and 141 (36%) cases of clinically diagnosed infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the dominant species. The overall mortality rate of patients colonized and infected with CR-GNB was 8.6% and 43.7%. A multivariate analysis showed that remission induction chemotherapy and the duration of agranulocytosis, mucositis, and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictors of subsequent infection after CR-GNB colonization. According to our novel risk-predictive scoring model, the high-risk group were >3 times more likely to develop a subsequent infection in comparison with the low-risk group.

Conclusion: Our risk-predictive scoring model can early and accurately predict a subsequent CR-GNB infection in HM patients with CR-GNB colonization. The early administration of CR-GNB-targeted empirical therapy in the high-risk group is strongly recommended to decrease their mortality.

Keywords: carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; colonization; hematologic malignancies; infection; predictive model; rectoanal swabs.