Determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy spectrum

PLoS One. 2022 Jun 1;17(6):e0267734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267734. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy remains an issue in the United States. This study conducted an online survey [N = 3,013] using the Social Science Research Solution [SSRS] Opinion Panel web panelists, representative of U.S. adults age 18 and older who use the internet, with an oversample of rural-dwelling and minority populations between April 8 and April 22, 2021- as vaccine eligibility opened to the country. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and socio-demographics with vaccine intentions [eager-to-take, wait-and-see, undecided, refuse] among the unvaccinated using multinomial logistic regressions [ref: fully/partially vaccinated]. Results showed vaccine intentions varied by demographic characteristics and COVID-19 experience during the period that eligibility for the vaccine was extended to all adults. At the time of the survey approximately 40% of respondents were unvaccinated; 41% knew someone who had died of COVID-19, and 38% had experienced financial hardship as a result of the pandemic. The vaccinated were more likely to be highly educated, older adults, consistent with the United States initial eligibility criteria. Political affiliation and financial hardship experienced during the pandemic were the two most salient factors associated with being undecided or unwilling to take the vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Urogenital Abnormalities*
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccination Hesitancy
  • Vaccines*

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Vaccines

Grants and funding

Funding for this research was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant #2049886). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.