Purpose: This study investigated the usefulness of ultrasonography in medical examinations for detecting elbow injuries, especially capitellar osteochondritis dissecans, among young baseball players.
Methods: Players with current or previous elbow joint pain were enrolled. Medical examinations (range of motion, tenderness, and stress tests) were performed with (2012-2016) or without (2007-2011) ultrasonography. Players with abnormal examination results were advised to undergo additional examinations at a local orthopedic clinic. Differences in the rates of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans detection, secondary examination, and elbow injury prevalence were compared between players who did and did not undergo ultrasonography.
Results: We identified 1045 baseball players, aged 9-12 years, who required medical examinations for elbow injuries. Medical examinations without ultrasonography were performed in 346 players (group A), and examinations with ultrasonography were performed in 556 players (group B). Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans was present in 0.3% (1/346) of group A players and 3.0% (17/556) of group B players (p = 0.003). The secondary examination consultation rates were 51.2% (62/121) and 66.0% (270/409) in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: Ultrasonography performed as a part of a medical examination can help detect elbow injuries, especially capitellar osteochondritis dissecans, in baseball players. Using ultrasonography in conjunction with medical examinations may contribute to a better understanding of elbow injuries in baseball players and improve consultation rates. Thus, ultrasonography is essential for the evaluation of elbow injuries in young baseball players.
Keywords: Baseball; Elbow; Pain; Ultrasonography.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine.