Based on femtosecond laser glass welding, four different porous structures of welding spots were formed by the manufacturing processes of spatiotemporal beam shaping and alternating high repetition rate transformation. Compared with an ordinary Gaussian beam, the welding spot fabricated by the flattened Gaussian beam had smoother welding edges with little debris, and the bottom of the welding spot pore was flat. Instead of a fixed high repetition rate, periodically alternating high repetition rates were adopted, which induced multiple refractive indices in the welding spot pore. The welding spot pores manufactured by spatiotemporal beam shaping and alternating high repetition rate transformation have a special structure and excellent properties, which correspond to superior functions of porous glass.
Keywords: femtosecond laser; functional glass; glass welding; manufacturing processes; porous glass.