Background: Bladder cancer is the most cost-intensive cancer due to high recurrence rates and long follow-up times. Bladder cancer organoids were considered interesting tools for investigating better methods for the detection and treatment of this cancer.
Methods: Organoids were generated from urothelial carcinoma tissue samples, then expanded and characterized; the expression of immune modulatory antigens and tumor stem cells markers CD24 and CD44 was explored in early (P ≤ 3) and later (P ≥ 5) passages (P) by immunofluorescence and by quantitative PCR of cDNA. The expression of these factors was investigated in the corresponding cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemistry.
Results: The expression of the PD-L1 was detected on some but not all organoids. CD276 and CD47 were observed on organoids in all passages investigated. Organoids growing beyond passage 8 expressed both CD24 and CD44 at elevated levels in early and late cultures. Organoids proliferating to the eighth passage initially expressed both CD24 and CD44, but lost CD24 expression over time, while CD44 remained. Organoids growing only up to the 6th passage failed to express CD24 but expressed CD44.
Conclusions: The data indicate that the expression of CD24 in urothelial cancer cell organoids may serve as an indicator for the prolonged proliferation potential of the cells.
Keywords: CD24; CD44; bladder cancer organoids; bladder cancer stem-cell marker; immune checkpoint antigens.