Forecasting of Flash Floods Peak Flow for Environmental Hazards and Water Harvesting in Desert Area of El-Qaa Plain, Sinai

Ismail Abd-Elaty; Hanan Shoshah; Martina Zeleňáková; Nand Lal Kushwaha; Osama W El-Dean

doi:10.3390/ijerph19106049

Forecasting of Flash Floods Peak Flow for Environmental Hazards and Water Harvesting in Desert Area of El-Qaa Plain, Sinai

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 16;19(10):6049. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106049.

Authors

Ismail Abd-Elaty¹, Hanan Shoshah¹, Martina Zeleňáková², Nand Lal Kushwaha³, Osama W El-Dean¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
² Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia.
³ Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.

Abstract

Water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are limited where the demands of agriculture, drinking and industry are increasing, especially in drought areas. These regions are subjected to climate changes (CC) that affect the watershed duration and water supplies. Estimations of flash flooding (FF) volume and discharge are required for future development to meet the water demands in these water scarcity regions. Moreover, FF in hot deserts is characterized by low duration, high velocity and peak discharge with a large volume of sediment. Today, the trends of flash flooding due to CC have become very dangerous and affect water harvesting volume and human life due to flooding hazards. The current study forecasts the peak discharges and volumes in the desert of El-Qaa plain in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, for drought and wet seasons by studying the influence of recurrence intervals for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. Watershed modeling system software (WMS) is used and applied for the current study area delineation. The results show that the predictions of peak discharges reached 0, 0.44, 45.72, 195.45, 365.91 and 575.30 cubic meters per s (m³ s^-1) while the volumes reached 0, 23, 149.80, 2,896,241.40, 12,664,963.80 and 36,681,492.60 cubic meters (m³) for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, respectively, which are precipitation depths of 15.20, 35.30, 50.60, 70.70, 85.90 and 101 mm, respectively. Additionally, the average annual precipitation reached 13.37 mm, with peak flow and volume reaching 0 m³ s^-1 where all of water harvesting returned losses. Moreover, future charts and equations were developed to estimate the peak flow and volume, which are useful for future rainwater harvesting and the design of protection against flooding hazards in drought regions due to CC for dry and wet seasons. This study provides relevant information for hazard and risk assessment for FF in hot desert regions. The study recommends investigating the impact of recurrence intervals on sediment transport in these regions.

Keywords: El-Qaa Plain; Sinai and WMS; forecast; hazards; hydrograph; watershed.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Climate Change
Desert Climate
Floods*
Humans
Water Resources
Water Supply*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the Contract no. APVV-20-0281 a project funded by the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic. This work was supported by project of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0308/20 Mitigation of hydrological hazards, floods and droughts by exploring extreme hydroclimatic phenomena in river basins.