Background: Gliomas infiltrating the corpus callosum (G-I-CC) majorly impact patient quality-of-life, but maximally safe tumor resection is challenging. We systematically reviewed the literature on G-I-CC. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA guidelines to include studies of patients with G-I-CC. Clinicopathological features, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: We included 52 studies comprising 683 patients. Most patients experienced headache (33%), cognitive decline (18.7%), and seizures (17.7%). Tumors mostly infiltrated the corpus callosum genu (44.2%) with bilateral extension (85.4%) into frontal (68.3%) or parietal (8.9%) lobes. Most G-I-CC were glioblastomas (84.5%) with IDH-wildtype (84.9%) and unmethylated MGMT promoter (53.5%). Resection (76.7%) was preferred over biopsy (23.3%), mostly gross-total (33.8%) and subtotal (32.5%). The tumor-infiltrated corpus callosum was resected in 57.8% of cases. Radiation was delivered in 65.8% of patients and temozolomide in 68.3%. Median follow-up was 12 months (range, 0.1−116). In total, 142 patients (31.8%) experienced post-surgical complications, including transient supplementary motor area syndrome (5.1%) and persistent motor deficits (4.3%) or abulia (2.5%). Post-treatment symptom improvement was reported in 42.9% of patients. No differences in rates of complications (p = 0.231) and symptom improvement (p = 0.375) were found in cases with resected versus preserved corpus callosum. Recurrences occurred in 40.9% of cases, with median progression-free survival of 9 months (0.1−72). Median overall survival was 10.7 months (range, 0.1−116), significantly longer in low-grade tumors (p = 0.013) and after resection (p < 0.001), especially gross-total (p = 0.041) in patients with high-grade tumors. Conclusions: G-I-CC show clinicopathological patterns comparable to other more frequent gliomas. Maximally safe resection significantly improves survival with low rates of persistent complications.
Keywords: butterfly glioma; corpus callosum; glioblastoma; neuro-oncology; survival.