Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination strategies and its expected impact on penicillin non-susceptibility in children under the age of five: Let's recap!

Hiba Sabbar; Chafik Mahraoui; Magdalena Bastìas Garcià; Imane Jroundi

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100170

Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination strategies and its expected impact on penicillin non-susceptibility in children under the age of five: Let's recap!

Vaccine X. 2022 May 14:11:100170. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100170. eCollection 2022 Aug.

Authors

Hiba Sabbar¹, Chafik Mahraoui², Magdalena Bastìas Garcià³, Imane Jroundi¹

Affiliations

¹ Unit of Training and Research on Pediatric Infectious Diseases Targeted by Vaccines and Evaluation of Vaccines Policies, Department of Public Health and Social Accountability, School of Medicine and Pharmacy. University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco.
² Pediatric Infectious Disease Ward, Hospital d'Enfants Rabat. University Hospital Ibn Sina. Rabat, Morocco.
³ Independent Consultant on Immunization policies. Chile.

Abstract

The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) burden has been extensively studied in children aged<5 years; however, a pooled estimation of the effect of PCVs on penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) has not yet been performed. We aimed to identify whether the introduction of PCV-10 and PCV-13 had led to the decrease of the overall PNSP rate in children < 5 years. We conducted a systematic review of published surveillance studies reporting the rate of PNSP rates in children < 5 in countries where PCV10/13 were introduced. The overall observed trend onwards the introduction of PCV-10 and PCV-13 is a decrease in PNSP among children < 5 years in surveillance sites located in PCV-13 countries. We identified an increase of PNSP rates (serotype 19A) in PCV-10 settings. Resistant NVT strains are emerging in IPD in children < 5 years mainly serotypes 24F, 15A, 11A and 33F along with serotype 19A in PCV-10 settings. Continuous surveillance is necessary in IPD in children under five to monitor the long-term effect of PCV-10 and PCV-13 on penicillin resistance trends.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial resistance; Children under five; Drug resistance; IPD; Invasive pneumococcal disease; PCV-10 PCV-13; Penicillin non-susceptibility; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination.