Mandibular premolar identification system based on a deep learning model

Abstract

Objectives: For constructing an isolated tooth identification system using deep learning, Igarashi et al. (2021) began constructing a learning model as basic research to identify the left and right mandibular first and second premolars. These teeth were chosen for analysis because they are difficult to identify from one another. The learning method itself was proven appropriate but presented low accuracy. Therefore, further improvement in the learning data should increase the accuracy of the model. The study objectives were to modify the learning data and increase the learning model accuracy for enabling the identification of isolated lower premolars.

Methods: Static images of the occlusal surface of the premolars made from the dental plaster casts of dental students were used as the training, validation, and test data. A convolutional neural network with 32 hidden layers, AlexNet, convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding, and stochastic gradient descent was used to construct four learning models.

Results: The accuracy of the identification model increased using static images of the occlusal surface of the teeth with the adjacent teeth deleted as the training and validation data; however, a learning model that could perfectly identify the teeth could not be realized.

Conclusions: Static images of the occlusal surface of the teeth with the adjacent teeth deleted should be used as both training and validation data. The ratio of the numbers of training, validation, and test data should be optimized.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI); Convolutional neural network (CNN); Deep learning (DL); Mandibular premolars; Static images.