A Stochastic Resonance Electrocardiogram Enhancement Algorithm for Robust QRS Detection

IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2022 Aug;26(8):3743-3754. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3178109. Epub 2022 Aug 11.

Abstract

This study presents a new QRS detection algorithm making use of the background noise that is inevitably present in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. The algorithm suppresses noise, enhances the QRS-waves, and applies a threshold for QRS detection. Noise suppression and QRS enhancement are performed by a band-pass filter stage followed by a nonlinear stage based on the interaction of a particle inside an underdamped monostable potential well. The nonlinear stage maximizes the output when there is a QRS-wave and minimizes the output otherwise. One of the instruments that the nonlinear stage uses to enhance the QRS-waves is stochastic resonance, where the output is maximized for a non-zero intensity background noise. In terms of QRS-wave detection F1 score, which ranges from 98.87% to 99.99% on four major benchmarking databases (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, QT, European ST-T, and MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test), the algorithm outperforms all existing ECG processing algorithms. The study, for the first time, demonstrates QRS-enhancement by facilitating stochastic resonance while suppressing in-band noise of ECG signals. Detecting QRS-waves as the ECG data streams, having a complexity of O(n), and not requiring any training data make the algorithm convenient for real-time ECG monitoring applications with limited computational resources.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms*
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / diagnosis
  • Databases, Factual
  • Electrocardiography*
  • Humans
  • Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
  • Vibration