A Nudge-Based Intervention to Reduce Problematic Smartphone Use: Randomised Controlled Trial

Jay A Olson; Dasha A Sandra; Denis Chmoulevitch; Amir Raz; Samuel P L Veissière

doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00826-w

A Nudge-Based Intervention to Reduce Problematic Smartphone Use: Randomised Controlled Trial

Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022 May 17:1-23. doi: 10.1007/s11469-022-00826-w. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Jay A Olson¹, Dasha A Sandra², Denis Chmoulevitch³, Amir Raz^{1

4}, Samuel P L Veissière¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1 Canada.
² Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada.
³ Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada.
⁴ Institute for Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA USA.

Abstract

Problematic smartphone use is rising across the world. We tested an intervention with ten strategies that nudge users to reduce their smartphone use, for example by disabling non-essential notifications and changing their display to greyscale. Participants first completed baseline measures of smartphone use, well-being, and cognition before choosing which intervention strategies to follow for 2 to 6 weeks. Study 1 ( $N = 51$ ) used a pre-post design while study 2 ( $N = 70$ ) compared the intervention to a control group who monitored their screen time. Study 1 found reductions in problematic smartphone use, screen time, and depressive symptoms after 2 weeks. Study 2 found that the intervention reduced problematic smartphone use, lowered screen time, and improved sleep quality compared to the control group. Our brief intervention returned problematic smartphone use scores to normal levels for at least 6 weeks. These results demonstrate that various strategies can be combined while maintaining feasibility and efficacy.

Keywords: Depression; Intervention; Nudges; Problematic smartphone use; Screen time; Smartphone addiction.