Evaluation of impact of "2+26″ regional strategies on air quality improvement of different functional districts in Beijing based on a long-term field campaign

Jingyu Tian; Philip K Hopke; Tianqi Cai; Zhongjie Fan; Yue Yu; Kaining Zhao; Yuanxun Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113452

Evaluation of impact of "2+26″ regional strategies on air quality improvement of different functional districts in Beijing based on a long-term field campaign

Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt D):113452. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113452. Epub 2022 May 18.

Authors

Jingyu Tian¹, Philip K Hopke², Tianqi Cai³, Zhongjie Fan⁴, Yue Yu⁵, Kaining Zhao¹, Yuanxun Zhang⁶

Affiliations

¹ College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
² Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
³ Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing, 100854, China.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
⁵ Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100029, China.
⁶ College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China. Electronic address: yxzhang@ucas.ac.cn.

PMID: 35597294
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113452

Abstract

Consecutive measurements of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) from February 2016 to April 2018 have been performed at four representative sites of Beijing to evaluate the impact of "2 + 26" regional strategies implemented in 2017 for air quality improvement in non-heating period (2017NH) and heating period (2017H). The decrease of PM_2.5 were significant both in 2017NH (20.2% on average) and 2017H (43.7% on average) compared to 2016NH and 2016H, respectively. Eight sources were resolved at each site from the PMF source apportionment including secondary nitrate, traffic, coal combustion, soil dust, road dust, sulfate, biomass/waste burning and industrial process. The results show that the reductions of industrial process, soil dust, and coal combustion were most effective among all sources at each site after the regional strategies implementation with the large reductions in potential source areas. The decrease of coal combustion in 2017NH were larger than 2017H at all sites while that of soil dust and industrial sources were the opposite. Insignificant reduction of coal combustion contribution at the suburban site in the heating period indicated that rural residential coal burning need further control. The industrial source control in the suburbs were least effective compared with other districts. Traffic was the largest contributer at each site and control of traffic emissions were more effective in 2017H than 2017NH. The local nature and increase of biomass/waste burning contributions emphasized the effect of fireworks and bio-fuel use in rural areas and incinerator emissions in urban districts. Secondary nitrate and sulfate were mainly impacted by the regional transport from southern adjacent areas and favorable meteorological conditions played an important part in the PM_2.5 abatements of 2017H. Secondary nitrate became a more major role in the air pollution process because of the larger decrease of sulfate. Finally suggestions for future control are made in this study.

Keywords: "2+26” regional strategies; Beijing; Concentration weighted trajectory method; Meteorology; PMF; Source apportionment.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Air Pollution* / analysis
Air Pollution* / prevention & control
Beijing
China
Coal / analysis
Dust / analysis
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Nitrates
Particulate Matter / analysis
Quality Improvement
Seasons
Soil
Sulfates
Vehicle Emissions / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Coal
Dust
Nitrates
Particulate Matter
Soil
Sulfates
Vehicle Emissions