Background: Solitary fibrous tumors are rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. They are often of low malignant potential and rarely metastasize. They frequently arise from the pleura and can occur at any soft tissue site in the body. However, these tumors rarely develop in the mesentery, peritoneal cavity or peritoneum.
Case summary: We report on a scarce case of solitary fibrous tumor of the rectal mesentery showing sarcomatosis about 4 years after previous tumor resection. This 69-year-old male had no clinical symptoms but was transferred to our hospital because of a suspected tumor recurrence from follow-up abdominal computed tomography. Tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125) were within the normal range. Open laparotomy showed sarcomatosis, and pathology confirmed its mesenchymal origin and diagnosis as the solitary fibrous tumor. Our case may be the second recurrent mesentery solitary fibrous tumor reported to date, and the only one with progression to sarcomatosis. There has been no evidence of recurrence in follow-up at the 28th mo after extensive intra-operative peritoneal lavage and cytoreductive surgery.
Conclusion: Although there are few risk factors of cancer recurrence in this patient, careful long-term follow-up after cytoreductive surgery is necessary.
Keywords: Case report; Cytoreductive surgery; Extensive intra-operative peritoneal lavage; Recurrence; Sarcomatosis; Solitary fibrous tumor of rectum mesentery.
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