Pseudorapidity dependence of the bulk properties of hadronic medium in pp collisions at 7 TeV

Abstract

The measured charged particle [Formula: see text] spectra in proton-proton collisions obtained by the CMS experiment at CERN is compared with the simulation results of EPOS-LHC and Pythia8.24 models at 7 TeV center-of-mass energy. The Pythia8.24 model describes the experimental data very well, particularly in the high [Formula: see text] region. The model also predicts the [Formula: see text] spectra for [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] < 2.4 at 0 [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 6 [Formula: see text]. The EPOS-LHC model underpredicts the [Formula: see text] spectra from 0.1 to 2 [Formula: see text] in all [Formula: see text] bins for about 20% and the [Formula: see text] spectrum from 0.1 to 4.2 [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] < 2.4 by about 15% while reasonably predicts well for [Formula: see text] > 4.2 [Formula: see text] within the experimental errors. Furthermore, to get information about collective properties of the hadronic matter, modified Hagedorn function with embedded transverse flow velocity and thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution functions are used to fit the experimental data and simulated results. The values of [Formula: see text] show that the functions fit the data and simulation results well. The parameter extracted by the functions: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] decreases with increasing [Formula: see text]. The decrease in [Formula: see text] with increasing [Formula: see text] is due to the large energy deposition in lower rapidity bins producing rapid expansion due to large pressure gradient resulting quick expansion of the fireball. Similarly, large energy transfer in the lower pseudo-rapidity bin results in higher degree of excitation of the system which results larger values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The values of the fit constant [Formula: see text] increase with [Formula: see text] where the values of [Formula: see text] extracted from Pythia8.24 are closer to the data than the EPOS-LHC model. The Pythia8.24 model has better prediction than the EPOS-LHC model which might be connected to its flow-like features and color re-connections resulting from different Parton interactions in the initial and final state.