Changes in dissolved organic pool and regulation of associated nutrients during green tides: A case study of Ulva prolifera bloom in the southern Yellow Sea

Abstract

To explore the spatial and temporal distributions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affected by Ulva prolifera bloom and the regulation of DOM released by the addition of nitrate (NO₃-N) nutrients, the variation in DOM was analyzed by three cruises in the coastal waters of the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) off Qingdao during a 2018 U. prolifera bloom. A mesocosm experiment was conducted during the decay of U. prolifera. The U. prolifera bloom resulted in higher concentrations of the bulk DOM except for total dissolved amino acids (TDAA), compared with levels recorded during non-bloom periods. Three different fluorescent substances of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were identified, which were also affected by the bloom. Concentrations of total dissolved carbohydrates (TCHO), monosaccharides (MCHO), and polysaccharides (PCHO) peaked during the late bloom, with average levels of 49.78 ± 9.73, 14.23 ± 3.32, and 35.55 ± 9.19 μmol C L^-1, respectively, accompanied by an increase of DOC, indicating release of DOM with U. prolifera decay. In contrast, the concentrations of CDOM and TDAA declined during the late bloom, with averages of 0.10 ± 0.10 m^-1 and 1.16 ± 0.82 μmol L^-1, suggesting that the yields of CDOM and TDAA were regulated by the U. prolifera bloom and other mechanism. These findings were confirmed by the mesocosm experiment. DOM production was obviously improved by NO₃-N addition except for TDAA and CDOM. The release of protein-like CDOM was primarily regulated by NO₃-N nutrients, however, it was not obvious with humic-like CDOM. Our findings provide evidence supporting the role of U. prolifera blooms in the coastal DOM pool and its significant effect on the marine carbon cycle.

Keywords: Amino acids; Carbohydrates; Chromophoric dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic matter; Ulva prolifera; Yellow Sea.