Sesame seed represents a reservoir of nutritional components with many medicinal properties. With the current trend to increase both seed yield and nutritional quality, the cultivation of new high-quality sesame varieties is a necessity to improve human health and promote the economic efficiency of this crop. However, research efforts for the development of cultivars of high nutritional quality are too scarce. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of seeds of selected M3 sesame mutants, in comparison with their two wild-type cultivars. The measurements included ash, proteins, crude fibers, sugars, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), lignans and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA). The results show higher FRSA, TPC, TAC and lignans in the mutant "US2-6", compared to the wild type "US06". Besides this, seeds of the mutant "US1-DL" are rich in ash and sugars, while high protein and fiber contents were found in the mutants "ML2-5" and "US2-7", respectively. This work highlights the possibility of improving the nutritional value of sesame germplasm through mutagenesis. The valuable germplasm obtained will be used in the sesame breeding program to develop cultivars with high nutritional quality and antioxidant activity, which could contribute to the prevention of diseases related to free radicals and nutritional deficiencies.
Keywords: antioxidant capacity; medicinal plant; nutritional quality; sesame mutant.