Integrated Approach to Achieve a Sustainable Organic Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia

Nibras Abdullah; Ola A Al-Wesabi; Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed; Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi; Meshari Alazmi; Mohammad Alsaffar; Mohammed Anbar; Putra Sumari

doi:10.3390/foods11091214

Integrated Approach to Achieve a Sustainable Organic Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia

Foods. 2022 Apr 22;11(9):1214. doi: 10.3390/foods11091214.

Authors

Nibras Abdullah^{1

2

3}, Ola A Al-Wesabi^{3

4}, Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed^{1

3}, Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi⁵, Meshari Alazmi⁵, Mohammad Alsaffar⁵, Mohammed Anbar², Putra Sumari⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81481, Saudi Arabia.
² National Advanced IPv6 Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia.
³ Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah P.O. Box 3114, Yemen.
⁴ School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81481, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Organic waste management (OWM) has always been a fundamental aspect of human populations. Approaches to OWM must be matched to the characteristics of a certain population. In this consideration, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is no exception. Organizations are being aligned to focus on sustainability matters sharing significant features with universal trends, especially the integration of 3Rs (reducing waste, reusing, and recycling resources). However, the degree and nature of advancement in the direction of sustainability vary depending on the economic level of a state. High-income economies can afford to pay a higher price to integrate 3Rs technologies. Most recent endeavors have focused on achieving 'Zero Waste', which is costly for low-income developing countries. The expectations of OWM systems in KSA must be estimated. In this work, the situations in KSA and other countries are analyzed, and pertinent aspects are explored. Matters relating to the sustainability of OWM are conceptually assessed. This study proposes an integrated method for an organic waste management system to achieve sustainable OWM in the context of state policy and appropriate frameworks, suitable technology, institutional order, operational and monetary administration, and people consciousness and involvement. A genetic-based waste collection transportation algorithm that enhances the efficiency of waste collection truck management is presented in line with this technology. The selected routes based on the R_fs and IPv are the most efficient among those available for the examined smart bin destinations. The minimum R_fs of selected routes is less than the maximum R_fs of available routes by 2.63%. Also, the minimum IPv of selected routes is less than the maximum IPv of available routes by 27.08%. The proposed integrated approach, including the waste collection transportation algorithm, would be beneficial across a variety of country-specific layouts.

Keywords: IoT; Zero Waste; genetic-based waste collection; truck waste collection management.

Grants and funding

RG-20 044/Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia