Enhancing a clenbuterol immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube performance using response surface methodology

Nurul Ain A Talib; Faridah Salam; Nor Azah Yusof; Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad; Mohd Zulkhairi Azid; Razali Mirad; Yusran Sulaiman

doi:10.1039/c8ra00109j

Enhancing a clenbuterol immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube performance using response surface methodology

RSC Adv. 2018 Apr 24;8(28):15522-15532. doi: 10.1039/c8ra00109j. eCollection 2018 Apr 23.

Authors

Nurul Ain A Talib^{1

2}, Faridah Salam³, Nor Azah Yusof^{1

2}, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad^{1

2}, Mohd Zulkhairi Azid⁴, Razali Mirad⁴, Yusran Sulaiman^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advance Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia yusran@upm.edu.my +60-389435380 +60-389466779.
³ Biodiagnostic-Biosensor Programme, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia.
⁴ Utilization of Agrobiodiversity Resource Programme, Agrobiodiversity and Environmental Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia.

Abstract

Clenbuterol (CLB) is an illegal antibiotic for livestock, which is misused as a growth promoter drug. In this study, an immunosensor modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) was developed for the detection of CLB. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with PEDOT/MWCNT as a sensor platform before immobilizing Ab for specific CLB binding through a competitive-type immunoassay. Free CLB in the sample solution competed with clenbuterol-horseradish peroxide (CLB-HRP) to bind with Ab. A high current signal was obtained after optimization of the electrochemical immunoassay conditions (pH, incubation temperature, antigen (Ag) incubation time and % blocking) using the response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD). The developed immunosensor is highly reproducible and sensitive with good storage stability, which are necessary for practical application. In real sample application, this immunosensor produces comparable results with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; thus, it is useful for CLB screening and monitoring in real meat samples.