Potential antimicrobial, antidiabetic, catalytic, antioxidant and ROS/RNS inhibitory activities of Silybum marianum mediated biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles

Junaid Iqbal; Anisa Andleeb; Hajra Ashraf; Bisma Meer; Azra Mehmood; Hasnain Jan; Gouhar Zaman; Muhammad Nadeem; Samantha Drouet; Hina Fazal; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc'h; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi

doi:10.1039/d2ra01929a

Potential antimicrobial, antidiabetic, catalytic, antioxidant and ROS/RNS inhibitory activities of Silybum marianum mediated biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles

RSC Adv. 2022 May 11;12(22):14069-14083. doi: 10.1039/d2ra01929a. eCollection 2022 May 5.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan juniqbal34@gmail.com anisaandleeb@bs.qau.edu.pk hajraashraf67@gmail.com bismameer786@gmail.com gzaman@bs.qau.edu.pk bhabbasi@qau.edu.pk.
² Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Lab, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab 87-West Canal Bank Road Lahore 53700 Pakistan azramehmood@cemb.edu.pk.
³ Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University Taipei City 10617 Taiwan rhasnain849@gmail.com.
⁴ Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University Peshawar 25100 Pakistan m.nadeem@cecos.edu.pk.
⁵ Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Université d'Orléans 45067 Orléans Cedex 2 France samantha.drouet@univ-orleans.fr hano@univ-orleans.fr.
⁶ Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Peshawar 25120 Pakistan hina_fazalso@yahoo.com.
⁷ EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université Francois-Rabelais de Tours Tours France nathalie.guivarch@univ-tours.fr.

Abstract

Use of medicinal plants for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers several advantages over other synthesis approaches. Plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds that can participate in reduction and capping of nanoparticles. Plant mediated synthesis has the leverage of cost effectiveness, eco-friendly approach and sustained availability. In the current study Silybum marianum, a medicinally valuable plant rich in silymarin content, is used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Biosynthesized CuO-NPs were characterized using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. Characterization revealed that CuO-NPs having a crystalline structure showed spherical morphology with an average size of 15 nm. HPLC analysis demonstrated conjugation of various silymarin components, especially the presence of silybin A (705.06 ± 1.59 mg g^-1 DW). CuO-NPs exhibited strong bactericidal potency against clinically important pathogenic bacterial strains e.g. Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella typhi with an inhibition zone of 18 ± 1.3 mm and 17 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. Synthesized nanoparticles indicated a dose dependent cytotoxic effect against fibroblast cells exhibiting a percentage cell viability of 83.60 ± 1.505% and 55.1 ± 1.80% at 25 μg mL^-1 and 100 μg mL^-1 concentration, respectively. Moreover, CuO-NPs displayed higher antioxidant potential in terms of (TAC: 96.9 ± 0.26 μg AAE/mg), (TRP: 68.8 ± 0.35 μg AAE/mg), (DPPH: 55.5 ± 0.62%), (ABTS: 332.34 μM) and a significant value for (FRAP: 215.40 μM). Furthermore, enzyme inhibition assays also exhibited excellent enzyme inhibition potential against α-amylase (35.5 ± 1.54%), urease (78.4 ± 1.26%) and lipase (80.50.91%), respectively. Overall findings indicated that biosynthesized CuO-NPs possess immense in vitro biological and biomedical properties and could be used as a broad-spectrum agent for a wider range of biomedical applications.