Objective: In this position article, we highlight the importance of considering cultural and linguistic variables that influence neuropsychological test performance and the possible moderating impact on our understanding of brain/behavior relationships. Increasingly, neuropsychologists are realizing that cultural and language differences between countries, regions, and ethnic groups influence neuropsychological outcomes, as test scores may not have the same interpretative meaning across cultures. Furthermore, attempts to apply the same norms across diverse populations without accounting for culture and language variations will result in detrimental ethical dilemmas, such as misdiagnosis of clinical conditions and inaccurate interpretations of research outcomes. Given the lack of normative data for ethnically and linguistically diverse communities, it is often challenging to merge data across diverse populations to investigate research questions of global significance. Methodological Considerations: We highlight some of the inherent challenges, limitations, and opportunities for efforts to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data. We also explore some of the cultural factors that should be considered when attempting to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data, sources of variance that should be accounted for in data analyses, and the need to identify evaluative criteria for interpreting data outcomes of cross-cultural harmonization approaches.
Conclusion: In the future, it will be important to further solidify principles for aggregating data across diverse cultural and linguistic cohorts, validate whether assumptions are being satisfied regarding the relationship between neuropsychological measures and the brain and/or behavior of individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, as well as methods for evaluating relative successful validation for data harmonization efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).