Objectives: To provide reference basis for reducing the mortality for children under 5 years old and promote the healthy development, the mortality for children under 5 years old and the main causes for death in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 are analyzed.
Methods: The data of 725 cases of death for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 were collected.The causes and difference of death among the children were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive statistic methods.
Results: There were a total of 144 516 live births in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020. The mortality for children under 5 years old was 5.01‰, for infants was 3.39‰, and for newborns was 1.63‰. The male child mortality was 5.28‰, and the female child mortality rate was 4.72‰, with significant difference (P>0.05). The mortality for children under 5 years old was seasonal fluctuation, without significant difference among seasons (P>0.05). For the past 5 years, the top 3 causes for death among children under 5 years old were preterm birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia. Before death, 341 cases (47.04%) were treated in provincial hospitals, 198 cases (27.31%) in county-level hospitals, 56 cases (7.72%) in village-level hospitals, and 130 cases (17.93%) were not treated.
Conclusions: The mortality for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City is gradually reduced in the past 5 years. The main causes for death are premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease and pneumonia. We should develop healthy education, improve the rate of prenatal diagnosis, promote the construction of obstetrics and paediatrics, and fundamentally reduce the mortality for children under 5 years old.
目的: 了解浏阳市2013至2020年5岁以下儿童死亡状况，分析儿童主要的死亡原因，为降低5岁以下儿童病死率、促进儿童健康成长提供参考依据。方法: 选取浏阳市2013至2020年5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据725例，采用描述性统计方法回顾性分析该地区5岁以下儿童的死亡状况及其差异。结果: 浏阳市2013至2020年共检测活产数144 516例，其中5岁以下儿童病死率为5.01‰，婴儿病死率为3.39‰，新生儿病死率为1.63‰。男性儿童病死率为5.28‰，女性儿童病死率为4.72‰，两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。该地5岁以下儿童的病死率呈季节性波动，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。近5年来，导致5岁以下儿童死亡数最多的原因前3位分别是早产及低出生体重、先天性心脏病和肺炎。死前接受省级医院救治的儿童占47.04%，接受县级医院救治的儿童占27.31%，接受乡村级医院救治的儿童占7.72%，未接受救治的儿童占17.93%。结论: 浏阳市近5年5岁以下儿童的病死率逐渐降低，其死亡原因主要是早产及低出生体重、先天性心脏病和肺炎。应大力开展健康教育，提高产前诊断率，完善产科和儿科建设，从而从根本上降低5岁以下儿童的病死率。.
Keywords: cause of death; children under 5 years old; mortality rate.