Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnancy by pregnancy: early, late and nonrecurrent GDM

Chiara Giuliani; Laura Sciacca; Nicolina Di Biase; Andrea Tumminia; Agostino Milluzzo; Antongiulio Faggiano; Francesca Romana Amorosi; Alessio Convertino; Olimpia Bitterman; Camilla Festa; Angela Napoli

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109911

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnancy by pregnancy: early, late and nonrecurrent GDM

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jun:188:109911. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109911. Epub 2022 May 7.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: chi.giuliani@uniroma1.it.
² Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Catania, Italy.
³ UOS Diabetologia, San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.
⁵ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁶ School of General Practice, ASL Roma2, Rome, Italy.
⁷ Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁸ Diabetes Centre, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy.
⁹ Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Israelitico Hospital, Rome, Italy; Santa Famiglia CdC, Rome, Italy.

PMID: 35537521
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109911

Abstract

Aims: To assess the GDM recurrence rate in a cohort of pregnant women with prior GDM, to compare two consecutive pregnancies complicated by GDM, to compare women with nonrecurrent and recurrent GDM and to stratify the latter in women with early and late recurrent GDM.

Methods: Retrospective study including 113 women with GDM in an index pregnancy (G1), at least a postindex pregnancy (G2) and normal glucose tolerance in between. The GDM recurrence rate was assessed, and maternal and neonatal outcomes and pancreatic beta cell function of the index pregnancy were compared with those of the postindex pregnancy (G1 vs. G2). Women with nonrecurrent GDM were compared with those with recurrent GDM.

Results: The GDM recurrence rate was 83.2% and the minimum prevalence of early recurrent GDM was 43,4%. The pregravid BMI of women with recurrent GDM increased between the two pregnancies (27.3 ± 5.98 vs. 28.1 ± 6.19 kg/m², p < 0.05). Women with recurrent GDM had a higher prepregnancy BMI than those with nonrecurrent GDM either at the index (27.3 ± 5.98 vs. 23.1 ± 4.78 kg/m², p < 0.05) or the postindex pregnancy (27 ± 6vs.24 ± 4,4 kg/m², p < 0.05).

Conclusions: GDM shows a high recurrence rate in our cohort of slightly overweight women, with an early GDM minimum prevalence of 43.4%.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Pregnancy; Recurrence.

MeSH terms

Body Mass Index
Diabetes, Gestational* / epidemiology
Diabetes, Gestational* / etiology
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Male
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors