In-vitro antioxidant, in-vivo anti-inflammatory, and acute toxicity study of Indonesian propolis capsule from Tetragonula sapien s

Siti Farida; Diah Kartika Pratami; Muhamad Sahlan; Dian Ratih Laksmitawati; Etin Rohmatin; Herbert Situmorang

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.034

In-vitro antioxidant, in-vivo anti-inflammatory, and acute toxicity study of Indonesian propolis capsule from Tetragonula sapien s

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr;29(4):2489-2500. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.034. Epub 2021 Dec 16.

Authors

Siti Farida^{1

2

3}, Diah Kartika Pratami⁴, Muhamad Sahlan^{3

5}, Dian Ratih Laksmitawati⁴, Etin Rohmatin⁶, Herbert Situmorang⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
² Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Banten 42434, Indonesia.
³ Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.
⁴ Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.
⁶ Midwifery Departement of Health Polytechnic Republic of Indonesia's Health Ministry Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java 46115, Indonesia.
⁷ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

Abstract

Propolis is widely used as traditional medicine since ancient times. It was necessary to conduct the pre-clinical study because of its relevant curative properties. This study aimed to investigate in-vitro antioxidant, standardize quality parameters, study acute toxicity, and determine in-vivo anti-inflammatory. Three spectrophotometric methods were used to determine antioxidant activity. The standardization includes physical, chemical, and microbiological evaluation. Furthermore, an acute toxicity test was conducted using 20 female Sprague Dawley (SD) strain rats divided into 4 groups with different dose of propolis. The in vivo anti-inflammatory test was carried out using the carrageenan induction method on rats' soles. A total of 36 female SD rats were classified into 6 groups as follows, Group normal, negative control, diclofenac sodium, and three propolis groups (72; 144; and 288 mg/kg BW). The results demonstrated the IC₅₀ values of the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity 9.694 ppm and 2.213 ppm, respectively. The FRAP reducing power was 189.05 mg AaE/g. The physical appearance of propolis capsule was vegicaps as white - white, size 0, with light brown granule. Moreover, the content weight was 418.88 mg with a disintegration time of 7 min 53 s, while the water, flavonoid, and polyphenol contents were 9.07%, 1.59%, and 98.0821 mg GAE/g respectively. The content of heavy metal and microbial contamination were not detected. The acute toxicity results showed LD₅₀ ≥ 5 g/kg BW, no toxicity symptoms, and no abnormalities in all rats. The anti-inflammatory inhibition percentage for groups III, IV, V, and VI was 11.86%, 6.53%, 7.81%, and 6.63% respectively, while the anti-inflammatory drugs effectiveness percentage compared to positive controls were 55.00%, 65.83%, and 55.83% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that propolis capsules fulfilled the standardization requirements, and it is likely to be non-toxic, and effective as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Keywords: Acute toxicity; Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Propolis; Traditional medicine.