Fine and ultrafine airborne PM influence inflammation response of young adults and toxicological responses in vitro

Mo Yang; Pasi Jalava; Henri Hakkarainen; Marjut Roponen; Ari Leskinen; Mika Komppula; Guo-Ping Dong; Xiang-Qian Lao; Qi-Zhen Wu; Shu-Li Xu; Li-Zi Lin; Ru-Qing Liu; Li-Wen Hu; Bo-Yi Yang; Xiao-Wen Zeng; Guang-Hui Dong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155618

Fine and ultrafine airborne PM influence inflammation response of young adults and toxicological responses in vitro

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 25:836:155618. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155618. Epub 2022 May 2.

Authors

Mo Yang¹, Pasi Jalava², Henri Hakkarainen², Marjut Roponen², Ari Leskinen³, Mika Komppula⁴, Guo-Ping Dong⁵, Xiang-Qian Lao⁶, Qi-Zhen Wu⁷, Shu-Li Xu⁷, Li-Zi Lin⁷, Ru-Qing Liu⁷, Li-Wen Hu⁷, Bo-Yi Yang⁷, Xiao-Wen Zeng⁷, Guang-Hui Dong⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
² Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
³ Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
⁴ Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
⁵ Department of Accounting, Guangzhou Huashang College, Guangzhou 51000, China.
⁶ Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 421, 4/F School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
⁷ Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
⁸ Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address: donggh5@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

PMID: 35513150
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155618

Abstract

Little evidence is available regarding the impact of different sizes of inhaled particulate matter (PM) on inflammatory responses in healthy young adults in connection with toxicological responses. We conducted a five-time repeated measurement panel study on 88 healthy young college students in Guangzhou, China from December 2017 to January 2018. Blood samples were collected from each participant and tested for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels every week for 5 consecutive weeks. Mass concentrations of ambient PM_2.5, PM₁, PM_0.5 and number concentrations of ambient PM_0.1 were measured. RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to PM (PM₁₀_-_2.5, PM_2.5_-₁, PM₁_-_0.2, PM_0.2) collected at the same time as the panel study. Cytotoxicity, oxidation and inflammatory parameters, cell cycle and genotoxicity were tested. Particles were characterized for their chemical composition. The trends of associations between PM_2.5, PM₁, PM_0.5 and TNF-α level were consistent in lag 0 and 3 days, and the relative risk decreased as the particle size decreased. All the ambient air pollutants had the similar change trends in lag 1, 4 and 5 days. Similar results in RAW 264.7 macrophages were found; PM₁₀_-_2.5 induced the greatest TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) productions and oxidative damage. PM₁_-_0.2 and PM_0.2 induced more significant dose-dependent increases of cell cycle and genotoxic response. In the component concentrations of PM samples, metal elements were PM₁₀_-_2.5 > PM_2.5_-₁ > PM_0.2 ≥ PM₁_-_0.2; ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were PM_0.2 > PM₁_-_0.2 > PM_2.5_-₁ > PM₁₀_-_2.5. Our results suggested that exposure to all particle sizes was significantly associated with inflammation among healthy young adults and toxicological responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Different human and toxicological reactions caused by PM samples indicated the importance of investigating various particle sizes.

Keywords: Airborne PM; Inflammation response; Toxicological responses; Young adults.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Humans
Inflammation / chemically induced
Particle Size
Particulate Matter* / analysis
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Young Adult

Substances

Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha