1 Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006, Paris, France. cyrille.richard@u-paris.fr.
2 IRCP, CNRS UMR8247, PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue P&M Curie, 75005, Paris, France. bruno.viana@chimieparistech.fr.
Trivalent lanthanides in wide bandgap fluoride or phosphate hosts can present persistent luminescence between 200 nm and 1.7 µm after charging by X-rays. Mechanisms are reviewed and applications envisioned.