A novel ZC4H2 variant in a female with severe respiratory complications

Abstract

Introduction: An X-linked ZC4H2 variant is associated with a variety of phenotypes that have abnormalities related to external malformation and neurodevelopment. There have been no reports on severe respiratory dysfunction resulting in surgical treatments not being possible due to the deformity resulting from in this disease. Here we report a female with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with a severe respiratory complication.

Case: A two-year-old girl had arthrogryposis multiplex congenita at delivery and subsequently had hypotonia and feeding difficulty. A novel ZC4H2 frameshift variant was identified by whole-exome sequencing in her genome. At eight months, she had recurrent aspiration pneumonia. A tracheostomy and gastrostomy were required; however, surgical intervention was not possible because of her short neck and complicated airway.

Conclusion: We compared this case with previous reports. The truncation group had more described phenotypes than the non-truncation group. The patient had the most severe respiratory dysfunction in truncating variant.

Keywords: Frameshift variant; Respiratory complication; Short neck; Tracheostomy; Truncation; ZC4H2.