Structural validity of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: A systematic review

Int J Eat Disord. 2022 Aug;55(8):1012-1030. doi: 10.1002/eat.23721. Epub 2022 May 3.

Abstract

Objective: The main aim was to perform a systematic literature review of studies investigating the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), a widely used measure of eating pathology. Secondary aims were to summarize the quality of reporting of latent variable (factor) analyses in these studies and review support for different factor solutions.

Method: Literature was identified through Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and ProQuest databases published up to February 23, 2022 and outreach via an international listserv. All studies published in English reporting factor analysis of the EDE-Q were included with few restrictions. Sixty studies including 63,389 participants met inclusion criteria.

Results: The originally proposed four-factor solution received little empirical support, although few alternative models have been robustly evaluated. Items assessing shape and weight concerns frequently coalesce in factor solutions, suggesting that these constructs are closely related. Investigations of brief versions of the EDE-Q have produced more consistent findings, suggesting that these measures, particularly a seven-item version, might be useful alternatives to the full version. Quality of studies was reasonable, with important methodological elements of factor analysis often reported.

Discussion: The findings are of relevance to practitioners and researchers, suggesting that the "original" factor structure of the EDE-Q should be reconsidered and that use of a seven-item version is to be encouraged.

Public significance: Self-report questionnaires are widely used in the assessment of disordered eating. The current study found that there is little consensus about the structure of a common measure of eating psychopathology. There is more consistent support for a brief, seven-item, version assessing dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and overvaluation of weight and shape.

Objetivo: El objetivo principal fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los estudios que investigan la estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Eating Disorders Examination (EDE-Q), una medida ampliamente utilizada en la patología alimentaria. Los objetivos secundarios fueron resumir la calidad del informe de los análisis de variables latentes (factores) en estos estudios y revisar el apoyo a diferentes soluciones factoriales. MÉTODO: La literatura se identificó a través de las bases de datos Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo y ProQuest publicadas hasta el 23 de febrero de 2022 y de divulgación a través de un servidor de listas internacional. Todos los estudios publicados en inglés que reportaron el análisis factorial de la EDE-Q se incluyeron con pocas restricciones. Sesenta estudios con 63,389 participantes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.

Resultados: La solución de cuatro factores propuesta originalmente recibió poco apoyo empírico, aunque pocos modelos alternativos han sido evaluados sólidamente. Los elementos que evalúan las preocupaciones de peso y figura corporal con frecuencia se unen en soluciones factoriales, lo que sugiere que estos constructos están estrechamente relacionados. Las investigaciones de versiones breves del EDE-Q han producido conclusiones más consistentes, lo que sugiere que estas mediciones, en particular una versión de siete ítems, podrían ser alternativas útiles a la versión completa. La calidad de los estudios fue razonable, y a menudo se reportaron elementos metodológicos importantes del análisis factorial. DISCUSIÓN: Los hallazgos son relevantes para los clínicos e investigadores, lo que sugiere que la estructura factorial “original” del EDE-Q debe reconsiderarse y que se debe alentar el uso de una versión de siete ítems.

Keywords: Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; assessment; eating disorder; factor analysis; patient-reported outcome measures; psychometric.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Feeding and Eating Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Psychometrics
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Surveys and Questionnaires