Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers

Arup Borgohain; Mridusmita Sarmah; Kaberijyoti Konwar; Rimjim Gogoi; Bidyot Bikash Gogoi; Puja Khare; Ranjit Kumar Paul; Jyotirekha G Handique; Harisadhan Malakar; Diganta Deka; Jiban Saikia; Tanmoy Karak

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100255

Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers

Food Chem X. 2022 Feb 19:13:100255. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100255. eCollection 2022 Mar 30.

Authors

Arup Borgohain^{1

2}, Mridusmita Sarmah^{1

2}, Kaberijyoti Konwar^{1

2

3}, Rimjim Gogoi², Bidyot Bikash Gogoi^{1

2

4}, Puja Khare⁵, Ranjit Kumar Paul⁶, Jyotirekha G Handique⁷, Harisadhan Malakar⁸, Diganta Deka¹, Jiban Saikia², Tanmoy Karak¹

Affiliations

¹ Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India.
² Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India.
³ Dibrugarh Polytechnic, Lahowal, Dibrugarh, Assam 786010, India.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India.
⁵ Plant Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. -CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, India.
⁶ ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁷ Hiranya Chandra Bhuyan School of Science and Technology, K K Handiqui State Open University, NH 37, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India.
⁸ Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Cinnamara, Jorhat, Assam 785008, India.

Abstract

Effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a greenhouse experiment with two tea cultivars (TV23 and S.3A/3). Made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clone, a decrease in the concentration of As, Cd, and Cr by 36.73%, 16.22%, 13.96%, and 36.63%, 27.78%, 10.54%, respectively over control on the application of the highest dose of TPLBC (500 kg TPLBC ha^-1). Irrespective of treatments, studied element concentrations were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the first infusion and lower in the third. Considering Ten g made tea consumption per person per day, the maximum average daily intakes of As, Cd and Cr in a higher dose of TPLBC were far below the tolerable weekly intake prescribed by the World Health Organization. As hazard quotient values of selected elements were ≪ 1, no significant adverse health consequences are expected for tea consumers.

Keywords: ADI, Average daily intake; ANOVA, Analysis of variance; Ammonium acetate (PubChem CID: 517165); Ammonium molybdate (PubChem CID: 21977535); Arsenic (PubChem CID: 5359596); Average daily intake; Boric acid (PubChem CID: 7628); Cadmium (PubChem CID: 23973); Chromium (PubChem CID: 23976); Copper sulphate (PubChem CID: 24462); HQ, Hazard quotient; Hazard quotient; Health risk; Hydrochloric acid (PubChem CID: 313); INF-1, First infusion; INF-2, Second infusion; INF-3, Third infusion; Infusion; Nitric acid (PubChem CID: 944); Perchloric acid (PubChem CID: 24247); Potassium Dichromate (PubChem CID: 24502); Potassium iodide (PubChem CID: 4875); Potassium sulphate (PubChem CID: 24507); Sodium borohydrate (PubChem CID: 22959485); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Stannous chloride, dihydrate (PubChem CID: 10198436); TPLBC, Tea pruning litter biochar; TV, Tocklai vegetative; Tea pruning litter biochar; Tin (PubChem CID: 5352426); Trace elements; Transfer rate.