Influences of Thermal Stress During Three Weeks Before Market Age on Histology and Expression of Genes Associated With Adipose Infiltration and Inflammation in Commercial Broilers, Native Chickens, and Crossbreeds

Yuwares Malila; Pornnicha Sanpinit; Wilawan Thongda; Anuwat Jandamook; Yanee Srimarut; Yupin Phasuk; Sajee Kunhareang

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.858735

Influences of Thermal Stress During Three Weeks Before Market Age on Histology and Expression of Genes Associated With Adipose Infiltration and Inflammation in Commercial Broilers, Native Chickens, and Crossbreeds

Front Physiol. 2022 Apr 12:13:858735. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858735. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yuwares Malila¹, Pornnicha Sanpinit¹, Wilawan Thongda^{1

2}, Anuwat Jandamook³, Yanee Srimarut¹, Yupin Phasuk³, Sajee Kunhareang³

Affiliations

¹ National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
² Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CENTEX Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
³ Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of cyclic thermal stress on histological characteristics of breast muscle and gene expression regarding adipose infiltration and inflammation in breast muscles collected from different breeds of chickens. The birds, from commercial broilers (CB, Ross 308, 3 weeks), native (NT, 100% Thai native Chee, 9 weeks), H75 (crossbred; 75% broiler and 25% NT, 5 weeks), and H50 (crossbred; 50% broiler and 50% NT, 7 weeks), were equally assigned into control or treatment groups. The control samples were reared under a constant temperature of 26 ± 1°C, while the treatment groups were exposed to 35 ± 1°C (6 h per day). After a 20-day thermal challenge, 12 male birds per treatment group were randomly collected for determination of live body weight, breast weight, numbers of growth-related myopathies, and breast meat chemical composition. Histological lesions were evaluated in the pectoralis major muscle immediately collected within 20 min postmortem based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results indicated that despite interaction between thermal stress and breed effects, thermal challenge significantly reduced feed intake, live body weight, and breast weight of the birds and increased moisture content in breast meat (p < 0.05). An interaction between the two main factors was found for protein content (p < 0.05) for which control CB showed less protein than the other groups. Heat stress decreased histological scores for adipose infiltration in CB (p < 0.05), but it did not significantly influence such scores in the other groups. CB received histological scores for adipose tissue at greater extent than those for the other groups. Differential absolute abundance of CD36, FABP4, LITAF, PDGFRA, PLIN1, PPARG, POSTN, SCD1, and TGFB1 in the muscle samples well-agreed with the trend of histological scores, suggesting potential involvement of dysregulated fibro-adipogenic progenitors together with imbalanced lipid storage and utilization in the breast muscle. The findings demonstrated that the cyclic thermal challenge restricted growth performance and breast mass of the birds, but such effects attenuated infiltration of adipose tissue and inflammatory cells in the CB breast muscle.

Keywords: chicken; droplet digital polymerase chain reaction; fat accumulation; heat stress; immune cell infiltration.