Objective: To explore the clinical features of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). Methods: The clinical data of 6 hepatocerebral MDS patients diagnosed in the Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Related literature published before January 2020 were searched with the key words of "DGUOK""MPV17""POLG""C10orf2" in PubMed, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database. Results: All the 6 hepatocerebral MDS cases were male. The age of onset ranged from 3 days to 8 months. The most common initial symptoms were cholestasis and developmental retrogression. The main clinical manifestations included hepatomegaly (4 cases), hypotonia (3 cases), growth retardation (4 cases), cholestasis (5 cases), coagulopathy (5 cases), hypoalbuminemia (3 cases), hypoglycemia (4 cases), hyperlactacidemia (5 cases), and abnormal blood metabolism screening (6 cases). The isotope hepatobiliary imaging revealed no gallbladder and intestinal tract development within 24 hours in 2 patients. Regarding the cranial imaging examination, the head CT found widening of the extracranial space in 1 case, the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) found ventricular enlargement in 2 cases, and the brain ultrasound found peripheral white matter injury in 1 case. Two cases were lost to follow-up, one died of liver failure, and three died of multiple organ failure due to aggravated infection. Among the 6 cases, there were 3 with MPV17 variation (c.182T>C and c.279G>C were novel), 1 with POLG variation (c.2993G>A was novel), 1 with DGUOK variation (c.679G>A homozygous mutation, parthenogenetic diploid of chromosome 2) and 1 with C10orf2 variation (c.1186C>T and c.1504C>T were novel). The literature review found that 129, 100, 51 and 12 cases of hepatocerebral MDS were caused by DGUOK, MPV17, POLG and C10orf2 gene variations, respectively. And the most common clinical manifestations were liver dysfunction presented with cholestasis and elevated transaminase, metabolic disorders including hypoglycemia and hyperlactacidemia, and diverse neurologic symptoms including developmental retardation, hypotonia, epilepsy and peripheral neuropathy. Besides, 1/3 of the patients with C10orf2 variation developed renal tubular injury. Conclusions: Hepatocerebral MDS mainly present with liver dysfunction, metabolic disorder and neuromuscular impairment. Different genotypes show specific clinical manifestations.
目的： 探讨肝脑型线粒体DNA耗竭综合征（MDS）的临床特点。 方法： 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月复旦大学附属金山医院收治的6例肝脑型MDS患儿的病例资料，并分别以“DGUOK”“MPV17”“POLG”“C10orf2”4个为关键词检索万方数据库、中国知网数据库、PubMed建库至2020年1月关于肝脑型MDS的病例报道，结合本组病例，总结肝脑型MDS的临床特点。 结果： 6例患儿均为男性，起病年龄为3日龄至8月龄，首发症状为胆汁淤积和发育倒退。主要临床表现及辅助检查特征有：肝肿大（4例）、肌张力低下（3例）、体格发育落后（4例）、胆汁淤积（5例）、凝血功能障碍（5例），白蛋白低下（3例）、低血糖（4例）、高乳酸血症（5例）、血串联质谱异常（6例）、同位素肝胆显像示24 h胆囊及肠道未见显影（2例）、头颅CT示脑外间隙增宽（1例）、头颅磁共振成像（MRI）示脑室增大（2例）、颅脑彩超示周围脑白质损伤（1例）。2例患儿失访，1例因“肝衰竭”死亡，3例因感染加重病情死于多器官功能衰竭。6例患儿中MPV17基因变异3例（其中c.182T>C、c.279G>C为新发变异），POLG基因变异1例（其中c.2993G>A为新发变异），DGUOK基因变异1例（c.679G>A纯合突变，2号染色体单亲二倍体），C10orf2基因变异1例（其中c.1186C>T、c.1504C>T为新发变异）。检索到DGUOK、MPV17、POLG、C10orf2基因突变导致的4种肝脑型MDS分别129、100、51、12例，常见临床表现有肝病（胆汁淤积、转氨酶升高），代谢障碍（低血糖、高乳酸血症），神经病变（发育迟缓、肌张力低下和癫痫、周围神经病变等多样化脑病表现）。1/3的 C10orf2突变者出现了肾小管损伤。 结论： 肝脑型MDS临床表现为肝病、代谢障碍、神经系统受累综合征。DGUOK、MPV17、POLG、C10orf2 4种基因型导致的肝脑型MDS各有特点。.