Objective: To explore the clinical effects of three-dimensional printed preformed titanium mesh combined with latissimus dorsi muscle flap free transplantation in the treatment of wounds with skull defect after radical surgery of squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2010 to December 2019, 5 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex accompanied with skull invasion who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, including four males and one female, aged 50 to 65 years. The original lesion areas ranged from 5 cm×4 cm to 15 cm×8 cm. The titanium mesh was prefabricated via three-dimensional technic based on the result the scope of skull resection predicted with computerized tomography three-dimensional reconstruction before surgery. During the first stage, the soft tissue defect area of scalp (8 cm×7 cm to 18 cm×11 cm) after tumor enlargement resection was repaired with the preformed titanium mesh, and the titanium mesh was covered with latissimus dorsi muscle flap, with area of 10 cm×9 cm to 20 cm×13 cm. The thoracodorsal artery/vein was anastomosed with the superficial temporal artery/vein on one side. The muscle ends in the donor site were sutured together or performed with transfixion, and then the skin on the back were covered back to the donor site. On the 10th day after the first-stage surgery, the second-stage surgery was performed. The thin intermediate thickness skin graft was taken from the anterolateral thigh to cover the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The duration and intraoperative blood loss of first-stage surgery were recorded. The postoperative muscle flap survival after the first-stage surgery and skin graft survival after the second-stage surgery was observed. The occurrence of complications, head appearance, and recurrence of tumor were followed up. Results: The average first-stage surgery duration of patients was 12.1 h, and the intraoperative blood loss was not more than 1 200 mL. The muscle flaps in the first-stage surgery and the skin grafts in the second-stage surgery all survived well. During the follow-up of 6-18 months, no complications such as exposure of titanium mesh or infection occurred, with good shape in the recipient sites in the vertex, and no recurrence of tumor. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printed preformed titanium mesh combined with latissimus dorsi muscle flap free transplantation and intermediate thickness skin graft cover is an effective and reliable method for repairing the wound with skull defect after extended resection of squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex. This method can cover the wound effectively as well as promote both recipient and donor sites to obtain good function and appearance.
目的： 探讨三维打印预成形钛网联合背阔肌肌瓣游离移植治疗头顶部鳞状细胞癌根治性切除术后伴颅骨缺损创面的临床效果。 方法： 采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2010年1月—2019年12月，空军军医大学第二附属医院整形烧伤科收治5例符合入选标准的头顶部鳞状细胞癌伴颅骨侵袭患者，其中男4例、女1例，年龄50~65岁，原始病变面积为5 cm×4 cm~15 cm×8 cm。术前根据颅骨CT三维重建结果预估颅骨切除范围并采用三维打印技术预制钛网。Ⅰ期行肿瘤扩大切除后，头皮软组织缺损面积为8 cm×7 cm~18 cm×11 cm，采用预成形钛网修补，并采用面积为10 cm×9 cm~20 cm×13 cm的背阔肌肌瓣覆盖钛网，将胸背动静脉与一侧颞浅动静脉吻合，对供区肌肉断端行拉拢缝合或缝扎处理，将背部皮肤重新覆盖回供区。Ⅰ期术后第10天进行Ⅱ期手术，取患者股前外侧薄中厚皮片覆盖背阔肌肌瓣。统计Ⅰ期手术时长、术中出血量，观察Ⅰ期术后肌瓣及Ⅱ期术后皮片存活情况，随访并发症发生情况、头部外观、肿瘤有无复发。 结果： 患者平均Ⅰ期手术时长为12.1 h，且术中出血量不超过1 200 mL，Ⅰ期术后肌瓣和Ⅱ期术后皮片全部存活良好。随访6~18个月，所有患者均无钛网外露或感染等并发症发生，头顶部受区外观形态良好，无肿瘤复发。 结论： 应用三维打印预成形钛网联合背阔肌肌瓣游离移植加中厚皮覆盖修复头顶部鳞状细胞癌扩大切除术后伴颅骨缺损的创面，是一种有效、可靠的方法。该方法可在有效覆盖创面的同时，使受区和供区均获得良好的功能及外观。.