Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Functional Movement Disorders in Children

Travis Larsh; Jenny Wilson; Katherine M Mackenzie; Jennifer A O'Malley

doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100953

Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Functional Movement Disorders in Children

Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2022 Apr:41:100953. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100953. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

Authors

Travis Larsh¹, Jenny Wilson², Katherine M Mackenzie³, Jennifer A O'Malley⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.
² Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital at OHSU, Portland, OR.
³ Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
⁴ Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Electronic address: omalleyj@stanford.edu.

PMID: 35450668
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100953

Abstract

Functional movement disorders (FMD) are complex neurobehavioral disorders that can be a significant source of disability for both children and their caregivers. While FMD in the adult population is better characterized, the aim of this paper is to review the pertinent clinical and historical features, diagnostic criteria, and multi-disciplinary management of FMD in the pediatric population. We highlight recent trends in pediatric FMD, including the increase in functional tic-like behaviors that has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adult
COVID-19*
Child
Conversion Disorder* / epidemiology
Humans
Movement Disorders* / diagnosis
Movement Disorders* / therapy
Pandemics