Predictive Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Peritonitis in Malaysian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Single-Center Study

Siew Yan Lau; Boon Cheak Bee; Hin-Seng Wong; Marhanis Salihah Omar; Norazlah Bahari

doi:10.1155/2022/8985178

Predictive Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Peritonitis in Malaysian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Single-Center Study

Int J Nephrol. 2022 Apr 11:2022:8985178. doi: 10.1155/2022/8985178. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Siew Yan Lau¹, Boon Cheak Bee², Hin-Seng Wong^{2

3}, Marhanis Salihah Omar⁴, Norazlah Bahari⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia.
² Department of Nephrology, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia.
³ Clinical Research Center, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia.
⁴ Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University of Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Pathology, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Aims: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently isolated in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis with a high rate of relapse and repeat peritonitis after initial response to antimicrobials. The optimal treatment regimen for CoNS peritonitis remains debatable. Hence, this study aimed to describe the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of CoNS peritonitis in a PD center and determine predictive factors influencing the outcomes.

Methods: All cases of CoNS peritonitis in Selayang Hospital between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: A total of 906 episodes of peritonitis were recorded; 140 episodes (15%) in 98 patients were caused by CoNS. The oxacillin and gentamicin resistance rates were 47% and 46%, respectively. The overall primary response rate was 90%, and the complete cure rate was 79%. Patients with concomitant exit-site infection (odds ratio (OR) 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.40, P < 0.01) and history of recent systemic antibiotic use (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.82, P=0.04) were less likely to achieve primary response. CoNS episodes that were treated with beta-lactam-based or vancomycin-based therapy had a similar primary response rate and complete cure rate. The rates of relapse and repeat were 12% and 16%, respectively. Relapsed episodes (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.97, P=0.04) had a significantly lower complete cure rate than the first episodes.

Conclusion: Relapsed CoNS peritonitis was common and was associated with worse outcomes than the first episode of CoNS peritonitis. Oxacillin resistance was common, but the treatment outcome remained favourable when a beta-lactam-based regimen was used as empirical therapy.