COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review

Tahereh Sabaghian; Amir Behnam Kharazmi; Ali Ansari; Fatemeh Omidi; Seyyedeh Neda Kazemi; Bahareh Hajikhani; Roya Vaziri-Harami; Ardeshir Tajbakhsh; Sajjad Omidi; Sara Haddadi; Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar; Mohammad Javad Nasiri; Mehdi Mirsaeidi

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.705908

COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Apr 4:9:705908. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.705908. eCollection 2022.

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Hossein Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Female Infertility Unit, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Imam Hossein Hospital, Behavioral Science Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Anesthesia Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
¹⁰ Clinician Scientist of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹¹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with an increased mortality rate among hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current review aimed to evaluate the symptoms, complications, and treatments performed to manage AKI in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for the relevant scientific literature published up to February 1, 2022. The following keywords were used: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", and "Acute kidney injury".

Results: Forty-four studies with a total number of 114 COVID-19 patients with AKI (Mean age: 53.6 years) were included in our systematic review. The most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 suffering from AKI were the history of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Twelve out of the 44 included studies reported a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this group of patients. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were the most common pathological evidence. The average length of hospital stay was 19 days, and the average duration of need for mechanical ventilation was 3 days.

Conclusions: The current systematic review shows that AKI frequently complicates the course of COVID-19 hospitalizations and is associated with increased severity of illness, prolonged duration of hospitalization, and poor prognosis. Given the extent of the adverse impact of AKI, early detection of comorbidities and renal complications is essential to improve the outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: AKI; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; acute kidney injury; systematic review.

Publication types

Systematic Review