Outcomes of surgical repair of anterior or posterior ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction

Wei Fu; Lisong Wu; Xiaolong Ma; Yang Zhao; Ran Dong; Junsheng Mu

doi:10.21037/cdt-21-577

Outcomes of surgical repair of anterior or posterior ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2022 Apr;12(2):177-187. doi: 10.21037/cdt-21-577.

Authors

Wei Fu^#¹, Lisong Wu^#¹, Xiaolong Ma¹, Yang Zhao¹, Ran Dong¹, Junsheng Mu¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare and fatal complication of myocardial infarction. Surgery is the main treatment for the condition. It is currently believed that surgery is less effective for posterior VSR than for anterior VSR. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for myocardial infarction combined with an anterior or posterior VSR.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study. Clinical data of 68 patients with myocardial infarction combined with VSR were retrospectively analyzed. According to the site of the VSR, patients were divided into the anterior (43 cases) and posterior (25 cases) VSR groups, and the general clinical data, preoperative examination results, surgery, and follow-up results were compared between the two groups.

Results: Compared with the anterior VSR group, the operative time in the posterior VSR group was longer {300 [240, 360] vs. 360 [300, 400] min; P=0.003}, and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer (142.0±52.2 vs. 180.2±52.3 min; P=0.005), and the aortic clamp time was longer (84.0±32.5 vs. 115.9±39.8 min; P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of perioperative complications, including bleeding, low cardiac output, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular complications, and the incidence of perioperative death between the two groups (P>0.05). The patients were followed up for 1.0-10.5 (median, 4.2) years. There were no significant differences in the survival rate and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including myocardial infarction, heart failure, revascularization, and cerebrovascular events between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions: The perioperative risks and medium- and long-term outcomes of the surgical repair of anterior or posterior VSR after myocardial infarction were similar.

Keywords: Myocardial infarction; surgical repair; ventricular septal rupture (VSR).