Sotorasib, a direct inhibitor of the enzyme Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) with the G12C mutation, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as a second-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) containing the KRAS G12C mutation, on the basis of results of a phase II clinical trial (Code- BreaK100). In this article, we review the mechanism of action of KRAS G12C inhibitors and the latest clinical trials with sotorasib to provide a comprehensive understanding of its efficacy and toxicity. We also review the mechanisms that produce resistance to the KRAS G12C inhibitors and the preclinical research related to combination treatments for KRAS G12C-mutated tumors. Currently, clinical data suggests that sotorasib monotherapy has significant efficacy in NSCLC patients with the KRAS G12C mutation and tolerable toxicity, and it could represent a novel targeted therapy. Additional research will be required to delineate the mechanisms of resistance to sotorasib and determine the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for the treatment of NSCLC containing the KRAS G12C mutation.
Keywords: KRAS G12C mutation inhibitors; Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); Solid tumor therapy; Sotorasib; Targeted cancer therapy.
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