Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in two different pathophysiologic scenarios.
Background: There are different underlying pathological processes in coronary artery disease. Mid-term safety and efficacy of DCB approach is still limited.
Methods: Medical records of all consecutive patients undergoing DCB were evaluated. The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) after 24 months.
Results: Between January 2011 and December 2017, 442 patients were included, representing 4.4% of all PCIs in our institution. A total of 460 DCB lesions were treated, of which 328 (71.3%) were de novo and 132 (28.7%) were combined bare metal or drug-eluting stents with in-stent restenosis (ISR). The patients' mean age was 66.2 ± 11.7 years with a diabetes prevalence of 45.3%. The TLR rate was lower in the de novo group (5.3%) compared to the ISR group (9.4%) (p = 0.04). No differences were observed in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the de novo group (38.9%) and ISR group (42.5%) (p = 0.47). No significant differences were detected in the TLR occurrence in the subgroup analysis.
Conclusion: Our extended experience demonstrates that the mid-term DCB approach in these two pathophysiologic settings represent a reasonable option, with low TLR rate.
Keywords: TLR; advantages; coronary intervention; neoatherosclerosis; stent thrombosis.