Objective: To analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment status of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) of Chinese patients. Methods: Complete literature review was performed to summarize Chinese TTS cases between 2007 and 2018. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included including 160 TTS patients (age (58.3±14.7) years). There were 137 female patients (85.6%) in this cohort, the age was (59.6±14.0) years. There were 124 cases (77.5%) of stress-evoking factors, of which 83 cases (66.9%) were self-stress factors. There were 97 cases (60.6%) complained of chest pain and 15 cases (9.4%) with syncope. Forty-eight cases (30.0%) presented with cardiogenic shock. CK-MB and cTnT/I increased in 109 cases (80.1%). There were 124 cases (77.5%) presented with ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram, which were common in lead V2-V5. Echocardiography results were available in 128 cases (80.0%), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<50%) was reported in 78 cases (73.6%). Coronary angiography was performed in 133 patients (83.1%), of which 126 patients (94.7%) had normal coronary arteries or single non-significant stenosis. One hundred and thirty-eight patients (87.3%) were apical type. The misdiagnosis rate on admission was 96.9% (155/160), of which 141 cases (88.1%) were misdiagnosed as acute myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin was used in 36 patients (30.3%). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist were used in 38 patients (31.9%). β blockers were used in 46 patients (38.7 %). Dopamine was used in 22 cases (18.5%) and norepinephrine was used in 12 cases (10.1%). Intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation was used in 5 cases (3.1%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 9 cases (5.6%). Cardiac function recovery time was 7 (6, 15) days. The average InterTAK diagnosis score was (51.5±18.1) points, and value was>70 points in 2 cases (1.3%). There were 92 patients in the high-risk group, and there were 3 recurrent TTS cases. Five patients died. Conclusions: TTS incidence tends to be young and dominates in female in China. The misdiagnosis rate is extremely high on admission. Most patients are treated with medication.
目的： 探讨中国Takotsubo综合征（TTS）患者的临床特征和诊治现状。 方法： 该研究为病例汇总分析。在万方数据、中国知网、华艺台湾学术文献数据库、维普科技期刊中文数据库，以“Tako-tsubo”“Takotsubo”“Tako-tsubo心肌病”“Takotsubo心肌病”“Tako-tsubo综合征”“Takotsubo综合征”“Tako-tsubo样心肌病”“Takotsubo样心肌病”“Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy”“Takotsubo cardiomyopathy”“应激性心肌病”“心尖部气球综合征”“心尖气球综合征”“心尖部气球样变”“心尖气球样”“心尖球形综合征”“心尖球囊样综合征”“心尖球囊样综合症”“心尖球形”为关键词，检索2007至2018年中国学者发表的TTS病例。采用2018年《TTS国际专家共识》中的诊断标准纳入病例，并排除资料不全或诊断存疑的病例。对起病时心电图呈非ST段抬高的TTS患者进行InterTAK诊断评分。根据2016年欧洲心脏病学会TTS专家共识的危险分层将纳入病例分为低危组和高危组，对两组患者进行分析和比较。 结果： 研究纳入131篇文献中的160例TTS患者，纳入患者年龄（58.3±14.7）岁，其中女性137例（85.6%），年龄（59.6±14.0）岁。应激诱发因素包括情感应激和躯体应激124例（77.5%），其中情感压力因素83例（66.9%）。胸痛97例（60.6%），晕厥15例（9.4%），心力衰竭合并心原性休克48例（30.0%）。肌酸激酶同工酶和心肌肌钙蛋白T/I升高109例（80.1%）。心电图ST段抬高124例（77.5%）。有超声心动图记录者128例（80.0%），其中左心室射血分数<50% 78例（73.6%）。有冠状动脉造影记录者133例（83.1%），其中冠状动脉正常或单支无意义狭窄126例（94.7%）。纳入患者中典型心尖型138例（87.3%）。纳入患者入院时的误诊率为96.9%（155/160），其中误诊为急性心肌梗死141例（88.1%）。药物治疗方面，应用硝酸甘油治疗36例（30.3%），血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂38例（31.9%），β受体阻滞剂46例（38.7%），多巴胺22例（18.5%），去甲肾上腺素12例（10.1%）。行主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）5例（3.1%），心肺复苏术9例（5.6%）。纳入患者心功能恢复时间为7（6，15）d。InterTAK诊断评分为（51.5±18.1）分，其中>70分2例（1.3%）。高危组患者共92例，其中有3例（3.3%）复发。纳入患者中有5例死亡。 结论： 中国TTS患者以女性为主，发病年龄较轻，重症者较为多见，早期误诊率极高，临床上以药物治疗为主。.