Diet and physical activity are associated with suboptimal weight loss and weight regain 10-15 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A cross-sectional study

Siren Nymo; Julianne Lundanes; Marthe Aukan; Jorunn Sandvik; Gjermund Johnsen; Hallvard Græslie; Ingrid Larsson; Catia Martins

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2022.03.006

Diet and physical activity are associated with suboptimal weight loss and weight regain 10-15 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A cross-sectional study

Obes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Mar-Apr;16(2):163-169. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.03.006. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Authors

Siren Nymo¹, Julianne Lundanes², Marthe Aukan³, Jorunn Sandvik⁴, Gjermund Johnsen⁵, Hallvard Græslie⁶, Ingrid Larsson⁷, Catia Martins⁸

Affiliations

¹ Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: siren.nymo@ntnu.no.
² Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway.
³ Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
⁴ Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; More-Romsdal Hospital Trust, Department of Medicine, Ålesund Hospital, Norway.
⁵ Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
⁶ Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway.
⁷ Regional Obesity Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁸ Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.

PMID: 35393266
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.03.006

Abstract

Introduction: Suboptimal weight loss (SWL) after bariatric surgery affects approximately 30% of the patients in the long-term. Diet and physical activity (PA) are likely to modulate long term weight loss outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objectives: To compare food habits and PA levels between those experiencing SWL and optimal weight loss (OWL), and between those experiencing weight regain (WR) and no weight regain (NWR), 10-15 years after RYGB, in addition to a pre-operative control group.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the Bariatric Surgery Observation Study (BAROBS), ≥ 10 y after RYGB. Food intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and PA levels with Sensewear armbands.

Results: 75 participants (79% females) were recruited. Excess weight loss (EWL) was 17 ± 19% and 87 ± 22% in the SWL and OWL groups, respectively and WR was 31 ± 15% and 1 ± 11% in the WR and NWR groups, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The OWL group reported a lower energy intake (P = 0.012) than the control group. The control group reported a higher intake of milk, cream and cheese than both SWL group (P = 0.008) and OWL group (P < 0.001). The SWL group reported a higher intake of processed meat products than the OWL group, while the OWL group reported a lower intake of sauces than both the SWL and the control groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The OWL group reported a lower intake of cakes, sugar and sweets than both SWL group (P = 0.035) and control group (P = 0.021). The WR group reported a lower PA duration (P = 0.046) compared with the NWR group. EWL was positively, and WR negatively, correlated with average PA duration.

Conclusion: A high intake of energy-dense foods and low PA is associated with poor weight loss outcomes, namely SWL and WR, 10-15 years after RYGB.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04051190.

Keywords: Dietary habits; Long term weight loss maintenance; Physical activity; Suboptimal weight loss; Total weight loss; Weight regain.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Exercise
Female
Gastric Bypass*
Humans
Male
Obesity, Morbid* / surgery
Retrospective Studies
Weight Gain
Weight Loss

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04051190