Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration

Yue Kang; Chang Xu; Ling'ao Meng; Xufeng Dong; Min Qi; Daqing Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012

Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration

Bioact Mater. 2022 Feb 18:18:26-41. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Yue Kang¹, Chang Xu², Ling'ao Meng¹, Xufeng Dong², Min Qi², Daqing Jiang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, PR China.
² School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, China.

Abstract

Exosomes derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs-Exos) have shown potential as an effective therapeutic tool for repairing bone defects. Although metal-organic framework (MOF) scaffolds are promising strategies for bone tissue regeneration, their potential use for exosome loading remains unexplored. In this study, motivated by the potential advantages of hADSCs-Exos and Mg-GA MOF, we designed and synthesized an exosome-functionalized cell-free PLGA/Mg-GA MOF (PLGA/Exo-Mg-GA MOF) scaffold, taking using of the benefits of hADSCs-Exos, Mg²⁺, and gallic acid (GA) to construct unique nanostructural interfaces to enhance osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory capabilities simultaneously. Our in vitro work demonstrated the beneficial effects of PLGA/Exo-Mg-GA MOF composite scaffolds on the osteogenic effects in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and angiogenic effects in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Slowly released hADSCs-Exos from composite scaffolds were phagocytosed by co-cultured cells, stabilized the bone graft environment, ensured blood supply, promoted osteogenic differentiation, and accelerated bone reconstruction. Furthermore, our in vivo experiments with rat calvarial defect model showed that PLGA/Exo-Mg-GA MOF scaffolds promoted new bone formation and satisfactory osseointegration. Overall, we provide valuable new insights for designing exosome-coated nanocomposite scaffolds with enhanced osteogenesis property.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Anti-inflammation; Bone regeneration; Exosomes; Gallic acid; Magnesium ions; Metal-organic framework; Osteogenesis; Rat calvarial defect model.