Garlic peel based mesoporous carbon nanospheres for an effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Detailed isotherms and kinetics

Dimple Pathania; Vinay S Bhat; Jyothi Mannekote Shivanna; Ganesan Sriram; Mahaveer Kurkuri; Gurumurthy Hegde

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2022.121197

Garlic peel based mesoporous carbon nanospheres for an effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Detailed isotherms and kinetics

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022 Aug 5:276:121197. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121197. Epub 2022 Mar 27.

Authors

Dimple Pathania¹, Vinay S Bhat², Jyothi Mannekote Shivanna³, Ganesan Sriram⁴, Mahaveer Kurkuri⁴, Gurumurthy Hegde⁵

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Rd, Bhavani Nagar, S.G. Palya, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India.
² Department of Material Sciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India.
³ Department of Chemistry, AMC Engineering College, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru 560083, India. Electronic address: jyothi0901@gmail.com.
⁴ Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), JAIN University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru-562 112, Karnataka, India.
⁵ Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Rd, Bhavani Nagar, S.G. Palya, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India; Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Rd, Bhavani Nagar, S.G. Palya, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India. Electronic address: murthyhegde@gmail.com.

PMID: 35381439
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121197

Abstract

Biowaste based nanoadsorbents have gained much attention in the recent times for wastewater decolourization owing to their low cost, high surface area and high adsorption capacities. In the present research, garlic peel based nanoparticles (GCNP) were synthesized at different temperatures by a one step pyrolytic green approach for the effective removal of cationic dye, malachite green from the aqueous medium. The surface properties of Garlic nanoparticles were elucidated by N₂ adsorption- desorption and all the GCNP samples were found to exhibit Type IV(a) isotherm indicating the presence of mesopores in carbon matrix. Using BET calculations, highest surface area (380 m²/g) was obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 ^◦C. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by XRD, EDAX, SEM and FTIR studies before and after the dye treatment. Adsorption studies conducted using different parameters like contact time, concentration and pH and dosage of adsorbent showed removal efficiency above 90% for the contact time of 70 min. Best adsorption experimental results were obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 °C ascribable to its high surface area, higher total pore volume (0.26 cm²/g) and higher carbon content. Four adsorption isotherm models were used to validate batch equillibrium studies and the results showed data in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum Langmuir adsorbtion capactiy to be 373.7 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of the data showed best fit with the Pseudo second order model with rate constant value of 48.726 g mg^-1 min^-1. Regenerative studies were conducted conducted upto 6 cycles. Also the GC nanoparticles were tested for their compatibility in membrane form wherein, removal efficiency results were obtained for GCNP anchored in polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF) membrane matrix for dye adsorption.

Keywords: Adsorption studies; Biosorbents; Biowaste; Dye removal; Garlic peel; Malachite green; Nanoparticles.

MeSH terms

Carbon
Garlic*
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Kinetics
Nanospheres*
Rosaniline Dyes
Water / chemistry

Substances

Rosaniline Dyes
Water
malachite green
Carbon